### **Course Summary: Engineering Surveying**
This module provides foundational knowledge and practical skills in **engineering surveying**, covering key concepts such as **linear measurement, levelling, cross-section area computation, earthwork volume calculation, and angular measurements**.
#### **Key Learning Outcomes:**
By the end of this module, trainees will be able to:
1. **Describe the basics of surveying**, including:
- History, purpose, and importance of surveying.
- Classification of surveying (plane vs. geodetic, control surveys, layout surveys, etc.).
- Principles of surveying (working from whole to part, consistency, accuracy, independent checks).
- Units of measurement and error correction techniques.
2. **Perform linear measurements** using:
- **Direct methods** (pacing, odometer, chaining, taping).
- **Indirect/optical methods** (tacheometry, triangulation, slope angle measurement).
- **Electronic methods** (EDM, DGPS).
3. **Conduct levelling operations**, including:
- Basic principles and terminology (benchmarks, reduced levels, datum).
- Methods (direct levelling, trigonometric levelling).
- Field procedures (two-peg test, booking using rise & fall and height of collimation methods).
- Error correction (curvature, refraction, loop closure).
- Contour mapping (interpolation, characteristics, and applications).
4. **Compute cross-section areas and earthwork volumes** using:
- **Area calculation methods** (mid-ordinate rule, trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule).
- **Volume estimation techniques** (average end-area method, prismoidal formula, spot height method).
5. **Measure and compute angles**, including:
- Types of angles (horizontal, vertical, zenith).
- Measurement units (degrees, radians, gradians).
- Tools (theodolite, optical square, surveyor’s compass).
- Methods (bearing, azimuth, angle direction).
#### **Key Takeaways:**
- Surveying is essential for **construction, mapping, land development, and infrastructure projects**.
- Proper **error management** (systematic, random, gross) ensures measurement accuracy.
- Modern tools like **total stations, DGPS, and EDM** enhance precision and efficiency.
- **Levelling and contouring** help in terrain analysis and design.
- **Earthwork computations** are crucial for excavation, embankment, and cost estimation.
This course equips trainees with **practical surveying skills** applicable in civil engineering, construction, and geospatial projects.
- Lecturer: NABUZWANIKI Noel